Risk factors

Most continental and temperate climates are favourable to the development of these nematode species. Warm and dry soils limit the problem since the nematodes are prone to dessication.

Basic prophylactic practices, i.e no movement of infested soil (through field exchange) and no planting of infested plant organs like tubers, bulbs or rhizomes, in a nematode-free soil are the most advisable practices.