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Identify diseased plants in the crop




The distribution of diseased plants in the crop and the location of leaf symptoms on tomato plants are essential parts of the diagnosis. Indeed, the location of the first affected plants, the speed of the spread of the disease in the crop thereafter, often inform us about the phytosanitary context and allow us to sort out biotic (parasitic, table 1) and abiotic diseases. (non-parasitic, Table 2).

In plant pathology, 5 major types of distribution of diseased plants in crops are conventionally defined. These are presented in Figure 1 and illustrated by some examples of phytosanitary contexts at the origin of these different distributions in salad plots.


 
Figure 1



Table 1: Distribution in crops of the main parasitic diseases of tomatoes,
in the context of French production

 


Types of distribution of diseased plants
scattered in home (s)
+ or - large (s)
online (s) in sector (s) generalized

Airborne bacteriosis
( Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato , Xanthomonas spp...)
+/- +  


+
(if susceptible and resistant varieties are grown in the same plot)
*

Vascular bacteriosis
and rod
         
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis



+/-
 


*
 


*
- Ralstonia solanacearum  
+
     
- Pectobacterium spp.    
+
     
- Pseudomonas corrugata
+/-
 
+
     

Aerial yeast infection          
- Phytophthora infestans
+/-

+
   
*
- Alternaria tomatophila
+/-

+
     
- Botrytis cinerea +/- +      
- Mycovellosiella fulva  
+
     
- Leveillula taurica   +      
- Oidium neolycopersici  
+
     
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
 
+
     

Telluric root and crown fungal infections          
- Pythium spp.   +     * (above ground)
- Thanatephorus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani)  

+
     
- Pyrenochaeta lycopersici  
+
   
*
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. root-lycopersici

+/-


+
     
- Sclerotium rolfsii
+/- +      

Telluric vascular mycoses          
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici  

+
     
- Verticillium dahliae
 
+
     

Seed and contact transmitted viruses
(PeMV, TMV ...)
+/- + +   *

Viruses transmitted by aphids
(AMV, CMV, PVY ...)
+/- + +/-    

Virus transmis par aleurodes
(ToCV, TICV, TYLCV...)
+/- +     *

Virus transmis par thrips
(TSWV ...)
 +/- +      

Virus transmitted by nematodes
(TRSV, TBRV, ToRSV ...)
   +      

Root nematodes
( Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp.)
  +     *

+/-: distribution sometimes observed, especially at the start of the attack.
+: commonly observed distribution
++: distribution observed when conditions particularly favorable to the disease persist or in plots in which tomatoes have been cultivated for many years.
*: distribution observed when conditions particularly favorable to the disease persist.


Table 2: Distribution in crops of the main non-parasitic tomato diseases,
in the French phytosanitary context


Types of distribution of sick salads in the field scattered in focus (s) + or - large (s) online (s) in sector (s) generalized

Argenture ( silvering ) + +      

Other genetic abnormalities (mutant chimeras) ( genetic disorders ) +        

Root asphyxiation   +     * (in soilless culture)

Lightning ( damage ligtning )   +      

Nutritional disorders ( nutritional disorders ) +/-   +/-   +

Winding of the leaflets ( leaf roll )         +

Intumescences ( oedema )       +/- * (under shelter)

Marbrure
( blotchy ripening )
+       *

Apical necrosis ( blossom-end rot ) +/- +     *

Various phytotoxicities (phytotoxicities) +   + + +

Air pollutants
  +/-     +

+/-: distribution sometimes observed, especially at the beginning of the manifestation of the phenomenon.
+: commonly observed distribution.
*: distribution observed when conditions particularly favorable to the disease persist.
Last change : 09/01/22