Symptoms

Elements for ink diagnosis

Elements for other diagnoses

Shoot wilting and/or mortality

Generalized dieback

Observation of root or collar necrosis.

No rhizomorphs.

Canker disease: sectorial mortality, subcortical mycelium, orange fruiting bodies.

Nutritional deficiency, water stress: no necrosis

Armillaria: root infections, subcortical rhizomorphs

Defoliation

Leaves reduced

Cynips: galls and leaf deformation

Black discharge

Cortical necroses observed under the discharge after stripping.

 Galleries of wood-eating insects: no necrosis

 Frost: splitting of the wood

Root necroses

Infected or destroyed fine roots, infected taproot or large roots sometimes up to the collar.

 Armillaria: rhizomorphs

Trunk necroses

Trunk necroses are caused by root necroses

 Javart: lesions not related to the roots